Religion and Economy: How the Act of Rational Economy Dominates Muslim Entrepreneurs

Dede Nurohman, Evi Muafiah

Abstract


This research aimed to explore the motives that encouraged Muslim entrepreneurs to make business decisions in running businesses, and also to examined the effects of their religions as well as the business logics they used toward their trading behaviors. The subjects of this research were the Muslim entrepreneurs running the business of apparel convection in Botoran, Tulungagung. This research used qualitative method with phenomenological approach. The data extracting technique was conducted by documentation, observation, and interviews. The results showed that Muslim traders based their business behaviors on the consideration of rational choices. Such behaviors were manifested in the forms of: choosing to partition their houses as the place of production (home factory); choosing to procure capital through the Chinese; choosing temporary sewing workers; choosing to replace the procurement of computer embroidery machines; dun-dunan rego (decreasing the costs); nembak (lighting); and reluctant to establish a cooperative to accommodate them. Meanwhile, religion, morals, and other values are not considered by them in running their business. The implication of the findings is that religious and economic motives always appeared in a person's business processes. The dominance of one of them was determined by the environment and experience. Sharia financial institutions in the vicinity, such as Sharia Banks and BMT (Baitul Mal wa Tamwil, a sharia-based microfinance institution or cooperative), as well as Islamic organizations, with the right kinship approach, were required to be present to pay attention to business development and community empowerment.


Keywords


Rational Economy, Moral Economy, Muslim Entrepreneurs

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, I. (1994). The Muslim Businessmen of Jatinom, Religious Reform and Economic Modernization in A Central Javanese Town.

Amin, M., Triyono, & Suyono, D. (2019). Kecamatan Tulungagung dalam Angka 2019. BPS Kabupaten Tulungagung.

Antaranews. (n.d.). Produksi Pakaian Jadi Melonjak Dongkrak Pertumbuhan Manufaktur.

Aviva, I. Y., Ardiansyah, M., & Hanafi, S. M. (2020). Economic Pragmatism of Yogyakarta Muslim Community in Selecting Banking Institutions. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 14(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v14i2.201-220

Babakhan, A., Shafia, M. A., Atani, A. A. R., & Aliahmadi, A. (2020). What motivates academics to engage in industry? The role of spiritual and religious urges. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(3), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.07.002

Baharun, H., & Niswa, H. (2019). Syariah Branding ; Komodifikasi Agama Dalam Bisnis Waralaba di Era Revolusi Industri 4 . 0 Cyber Physical System ( CPS ) dan Internet of Things and Services sertamampu menaikkan efsiensi manufaktur dan kualitas produk . dunia perekonomian di Indonesia . D. Inferensi, 13(1), 75–98.

Bankston III, C. L. (2002). Rationality, Choice and The Religious Economy, The Problem of Belief. Review of Religious Research, 43, 311–325. http://about.jstor.org/terms

Berger, P. L. (1986). Invitation to Sociology A Humanistic Perspective. Penguin Books.

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (third Edition). SAGE Publication, Inc.

Denzin, NK, and L. (2000). Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.

Dimyati, M. (2016). Komparasi Pengaruh Relationship Marketing Dengan Pengaruh Mediasi Kepuasan Dalam Membangun Loyalitas Pasien Rumah Sakit Islam Di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Inferensi, 10(2), 451. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v10i2.451-472

Effendy, B. (1999). Jaring-Jaring Ekonomi Kyai: Harga Tuhan, Wacana Agama dalam Prilaku Ekonomi. Gerbang, 5(248–52).

Elster, J. (1989). Social Norms and Economic Theory. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(4), 99–117.

Essoo, N., & Dibb, S. (2004). Religious Influences on Shopping Behaviour: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(7–8), 683–712. https://doi.org/10.1362/0267257041838728

Godilier, M. (2012). Rationality and Irrationality in Economcs. Verso.

Hovenkamp, H. (1992). Rationality in Law and Economics. Heinonline, 60, 293.

Kahraman, Y., & Keles, I. (2019). The Effects of the Changes of Religious Thoughts and Implementations on Business. Nile Journal Business and Economics, NileJBE. http://journal.nileuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/NileJBE/

Katadata. (2018). Ekspor Pakaian Jadi Indonesia Periode Januari April 2018 Masih Tumbuh.

Keyes, C. (1983). Peasant Strategies in Asian Societies Moral and Rational Economic Approaches. Journal of Asian Studies, XI.II(4), 753–768.

Khalil, S., & Sidani, Y. (2020). The influence of religiosity on tax evasion attitudes in Lebanon. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 40, 100335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100335

Kudlats, J., McDowell, W. C., & Mahto, R. V. (2019). Unrelated but together: Trust and intergroup relations in multi-family businesses. Journal of Business Research, 101(December 2018), 750–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.073

Lang, G., Chan, S. C., & Ragvald, L. (2005). Temples and The Religious Economy. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 1(1). http://www.brill.nl.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (Second Edition). SAGE Publication.

Moudrý, D. V., & Thaichon, P. (2020). Enrichment for retail businesses: How female entrepreneurs and masculine traits enhance business success. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54(November 2019), 102068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102068

Nunziata, L., & Rocco, L. (2018). The Protestant ethic and entrepreneurship: Evidence from religious minorities in the former Holy Roman Empire. European Journal of Political Economy, 51, 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.04.001

Popkin, S. L. (1979). The Rational Peasant The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. University of California Press.

Prasanti, D., & El Karimah, K. (2018). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Keagamaan dalam Membentuk Komunikasi Keluarga Islami di Era Digital. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 12(1), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v12i1.195-212

Putra, H. S. A. (2003). Ekonomi Moral, Rasional dan Politik, Dalam Industri Kecil di Jawa: Esai-Esai Antropologi Ekonomi. Kepel Press.

Qodir, Z. (2002). Agama dan Etos Dagang. Pondok Edukasi.

Rastogi, A., Pati, S. P., Kumar, P., & Dixit, J. K. (2021). Development of a ‘Karma- Yoga’ instrument, the core of the Hindu work ethic: Development of a ‘karma- yoga’ instrument. IIMB Management Review, 32(4), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2019.10.013

Ritzer, G. (2011). Sociological Theory (Eight Edition). McGraw-Hill.

Ritzer, G. (2019). The McDonaldization of Society into The Digital Age (Ninth Edition). SAGE Publications.

Saidi, A. (1999). Barter Agama dan Prilaku Ekonomi: Harga Tuhan, Wacana Agama dalam Prilaku Ekonomi. Gerbang, 5(2), 55–60.

Scott, J. C. (1976). The Moral Economy of the Peasant Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia (Twenty Third). Yale University Press.

Smith, B. R., Conger, M. J., McMullen, J. S., & Neubert, M. J. (2019). Why believe? The promise of research on the role of relgion in entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 11(February), e00119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00119

Sulaiman, A. I., Chusmeru, C., & Masrukin, M. (2018). Strategy of Cooperative Islamic Boarding School As Economic Empowerment Community. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 12(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v12i1.25-44

Suzuki, M. (2020). Profits before patients? Analyzing donors’ economic motives for foreign aid in the health sector. World Development, 132, 104966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104966

Tian, Y., Wang, Y., Xie, X., Jiao, J., & Jiao, H. (2019). The impact of business-government relations on firms’ innovation: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 143(February), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.02.007

Umar, A., Hari Sasongko, A., Aguzman, G., & Sugiharto. (2018). Business Model Canvas as a Solution for Competing Strategy of Small Business in Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(1).

Weber, M. (2001). The Protestan Ethic and Spirit of The Capitalism. Routledge Classic.

Wilk, R. R., & Cliggett, L. (2007). Economies and cultures : foundations of economic anthropology. Westview Press.

Wilk, R. R., & Cliggett, L. (2018). Economies and Cultures. Economies and Cultures. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429495267




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v15i1.71-90

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


                                                                     

Creative Commons License

INFERENSI by http://inferensi.iainsalatiga.ac.id/ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

INFERENSI IAIN SALATIGA p-ISSN: 1978-7332, e-ISSN:2502-1427

Indexed by: